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This week at In The Past Lane, the history podcast, I speak with historian Mitch Kachun about his book, The First Martyr of Liberty: Crispus Attucks in American Memory.  Attucks was the man of African American and Native American heritage who was among the five people killed in the Boston Massacre on March 5, 1770.  To this day, very little is known about Crispus Attucks. So Mitch Kachun’s book focuses, as the subtitle suggests, on the memory of Attucks and how it’s changed and evolved over nearly 250 years of history.     In the course of our discussion, Mitch Kachun explains: Who Crispus Attucks was and what we know about why he was killed in the Boston Massacre.   How for many decades after the Boston Massacre and American Revolution, Crispus Attucks was a forgotten figure in US history. That is, until African American abolitionists in the 1840s and 1850s began to celebrate Attucks as a patriot as a way to bolster their demand for an end to slavery and the inclusion of blacks as full citizens of the republic.   How and why in the decades after the Civil War, as the freedoms won by African Americans were stripped away and replaced by Jim Crow white supremacy, black Americans clung to Crispus Attucks as a hero. As part of this process, they embellished his biography to make him appear every bit a patriot as Paul Revere and Samuel Adams.    How the US government used this image of Crispus Attucks the patriot as a way to recruit African Americans to fight in US wars.   How African American historians worked to have Crispus Attucks included in US history textbooks, something that finally began to happen in the 1960s during the era of the civil rights movement.   How some radical African American civil rights activists like Stokely Carmichael rejected Crispus Attucks as a model for black liberation.   How the story of Crispus Attucks and his presence – along with many other people of color – at the Boston Massacre serves as a reminder that American society has been diverse from the very beginning. Recommended reading:  Mitch Kachun, The First Martyr of Liberty: Crispus Attucks in American Memory. Eric Hinderaker,  Boston’s Massacre Holger Hoock, Scars of Independence: America's Violent Birth Gerald Horne, The Counter-Revolution of 1776: Slave Resistance and the Origins of the United States of America Robert Middlekauff, The Glorious Cause: The American Revolution, 1763-1789  Alan Taylor, American Revolutions: A Continental History, 1750-1804 Related ITPL podcast episodes: 065 Andrew O’Shaughnessy on How the British Lost the American Revolution 049 Gordon Wood on the relationship between John Adams and Thomas Jefferson 041 Dean Snow on the pivotal Battle of Saratoga 028 Carol Berkin on the Crisis of the 1790s 023 Stephen Knott on the relationship between Alexander Hamilton and George Washington 017 Alan Taylor, American Revolutions Music for This Episode Jay Graham, ITPL Intro (JayGMusic.com) Kevin McCleod, “Impact Moderato” (Free Music Archive) Jon Luc Hefferman, “Going Home” (Free Music Archive) Doc Turtle, “Thought Soup” (Free Music Archive) Jon Luc Hefferman, “Winter Trek” (Free Music Archive) The Bell, “I Am History” (Free Music Archive) Production Credits Executive Producer: Lulu Spencer Technical Advisors: Holly Hunt and Jesse Anderson Podcasting Consultant: Dave Jackson of the School of Podcasting Photographer: John Buckingham Graphic Designer: Maggie Cellucci Website by: ERI Design Legal services: Tippecanoe and Tyler Too Social Media management: The Pony Express Risk Assessment: Little Big Horn Associates Growth strategies: 54 40 or Fight © In The Past Lane, 2018 Recommended History Podcasts Ben Franklin’s World with Liz Covart @LizCovart The Age of Jackson Podcast @AgeofJacksonPod Backstory podcast – the history behind today’s headlines @BackstoryRadio Past Present podcast with Nicole Hemmer, Neil J. 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