17.1 Siege of Jerusalem 1099, First Crusade, Part 1
Build-up to the First Crusade. The Investiture Controversy between Emperor Henry IV and Pope Gregory VII, plus the growing influence of the Normans under Robert Guiscard, and the reasons behind the call to crusade by Pope Urban II www.historyeurope.net See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.
